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Which Country Has The Highest Rate Of Hiv In Africa
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Analysing The Hiv Pandemic, Part 1: Hiv In Sub Sahara Africa · R Views
In Western Europe, HIV transmission is diverse, including paid sex, sex between people, intravenous drug use, mother-to-child transmission and heterosexual sex. However, many new infections in this region occur through contact with HIV-infected individuals from other regions. In some regions of Europe, such as the Baltic countries, the most common ways of contracting HIV are injecting drug use and heterosexual sex, including paid sex.
In Europe, prevalence among adults (15–49 years) in 2018 ranged from 1.20% in Russia to 0.1% in high-growth countries.
AIDS mortality remained low after the introduction of protease inhibitors and combination therapy in the late 1990s due to the availability of antiretroviral therapy. In 2018, it was estimated that 14% were infected as a result of internal drug use.
As for the social consequences of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, there has been a “profound remedicalization of sexuality” since the 1980s.
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The number of people living with HIV in Albania is still low. From 1992 to 2011, 487 HIV infections were recorded in Albania. Among these 487 cases: 83.1% heterosexual contact, 12.7% sexual transmission between m and 4.2% transmission from mother to child. There were no cases of HIV transmission through injecting drug use.
In 2011, 71 new HIV cases, 38 AIDS cases and 9 AIDS deaths were reported in Albania. 73% of newly recorded HIV infections are men.
In 2021, the HIV/AIDS incidence rate among people aged 15 to 49 years was 0.1 per 1,000 uninfected inhabitants of the same age group.
However, HIV testing rates are still low in Albania. Only 2% of clinics and health facilities in Albania offered HIV testing services. 48% of respondents had sex with another man.
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Between 2018 and 2019, 51 people died of AIDS in Albania, causing outrage among organizations working on the issue.
The first case was identified in 1983. In 2010, 32% of those infected were infected through heterosexual contact. Austria has the highest HIV testing rate in Europe.
Since 1990, the median age at diagnosis has been 30 to 36 years. 28.3% of participants in the current cohort are women. This number is highest in Vorarlberg and Upper Austria (36.6% each). In the heterosexually infected subgroup, the incidence is 50.9%. It is the highest in Upper Austria (56.2%), Vorarlberg (53.3%) and Vienna (51.7%). 32.0% of patients diagnosed for the first time in 2010 were infected through heterosexual contact. Since 2000, 42.8% of newly diagnosed HIV infections are transmitted through heterosexual contact.
Registration of cases of HIV infection in the army began in 1988. As of July 31, 2019, 3,583 cases of HIV infection have been registered in the country. The army was the first nation
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It is one of 10 countries in the European region and the world that have eliminated mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
In relation to the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, Bosnia and Herzegovina is considered a low prevalence country (less than 0.1%). Since the first recorded case of AIDS in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1986 and until the end of 2017, 350 people infected with HIV have been registered and 102 cases have developed AIDS. In Bosnia, 80% of people infected with HIV are men, and the average age of those infected is between 30 and 39 years. The number of people infected may be higher because people don’t get tested due to fear and stigma. Some experts estimate that there are between 900 and 1,000 people living with HIV in Bosnia.
Furthermore, due to their marginalization, significant attention should be given to Roma as well as youth, especially adolescents and primary school students in urban areas.
For the past two years, HIV infection in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been under control. By 2021, there are approximately 382 people living with HIV or AIDS in the country, with 20 to 30 new cases reported each year.
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It can be said that Bosnia and Herzegovina is a very sparsely populated country. Most population groups identified as being at high risk of HIV infection are being successfully controlled by the Bosnia and Herzegovina HIV/AIDS Program supported by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.
With UNDP support, 22 centers have been established across the country to provide free and confidential HIV testing to all. Although there is free HIV treatment and medication in Bosnia, the biggest problem is Germany, Austria, France, etc.
By the end of 2017, 18,908 HIV infections had been registered in Belgium (excluding people who did not know they were infected). The prevalence is 1.7 cases per 1,000 inhabitants.
2.4 new cases are registered every day. Most of the first cases of infection detected were through heterosexual contact — 49.6%. Second, the incidence of sexual transmission of HIV among MSM was 46.6%. Third, 1.3% of people infected with HIV were infected through injecting drug use. Despite easy access to HIV blood tests in Belgium, 36% of new cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease. Late diagnosis is more common in the heterosexual population (46%) than in the MSM group (27%). Unlike other European countries, Belgium offers HIV testing at all doctors, clinics, hospitals and student services. Many diagnostic centers offer free and anonymous rapid tests and/or 4th generation tests.
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97% of diagnosed patients can achieve adequate therapy, when the viral load in the blood is not detected (non-infectious state) and the spread of the disease ceases.
As of December 31, 2018, 3,368 people infected with HIV have been detected in the Czech Republic, the total number is 3,814, including foreigners (446 people). In 2018, this number increased to 208. The most affected city is Prague (1651 cases). Since 1994, 28.8 million HIV tests have been carried out in the Czech Republic. 415,813 people took the test voluntarily. 75% of test participants showed that they were men who had sex with the AIDS epidemic in 506 people (December 31, 2016 statistics are carried out since October 1, 1985), of which 255 people died. . The median age at diagnosis is 35 years for men and 39 years for women. A decrease in diagnoses was observed in 2018. Compared to 2017, there was a decrease of 46 people (citizens and residents).
In Estonia, HIV biosurveillance started in 1987, and since 2016, HIV testing is free for everyone, including those without health insurance (costs are paid directly from the state budget). The first case of HIV infection was detected in Estonia in 1988. The number of new HIV infections has declined over the past decade (from 46.1 cases in 2005 to 9.4 cases per 100,000 in 2021).
Between 2005 and 2015, both in heterosexual and homosexual transmission, the proportion of cases among people aged 34 and over increased. The number of illnesses among children and young people has significantly decreased. The specific gravity of VOM is constant at about 40%. Transmission among injecting drug users has stabilized, but prevalence remains high.
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While injecting drug use remains the most important route of transmission, the HIV epidemic continues to disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, particularly injecting drug users and their sexual partners.
In 2018, 190 new cases of HIV and 25 of AIDS were detected in Estonia. In 2017, a total of 219 people were diagnosed with HIV infection, 20 people with AIDS. Since testing began, 9,878 cases of HIV and 536 of AIDS have been detected in Estonia.
According to available data, 1.3% of adults are infected with HIV, which is the highest percentage among all EU countries.
Unfortunately, this number is believed to have increased due to double registration prior to 2008, which may have led to overreporting of the diagnosis by 20 to 30 percent. A statistical error, until 2009 all anonymous HIV diagnoses were also included in official statistics. This means that after testing positive for the virus in an anonymous center, a person who wants to see a doctor can be scheduled twice – first anonymously and then independently.
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